Tongue Is Thick With Stuff

Cogito Ergo Sum

With reference to the first rule of method, Descartes faces a significant problem: what aspects of reality can be considered clear and distinct so as to take them on the basis of new knowledge? Descartes argues that it is necessary to doubt everything, even our sensory perception, as "there is no conclusive evidence or signs fairly certain that it is possible to distinguish the waking from sleep. "How can we know with certainty if and incontrovertible that our existence is also a dream or reality? Even with regard to the axioms of mathematics and geometry, we know for sure whether they actually correspond to Actually, we have to assume it, pushing the dubious hyperbole, that there is a God so omnipotent as to be deceptive, a god who deceives us also on the knowledge considered most reliable and universal. What then is resistant to hyperbolic doubt, this radical skepticism? The answer to Descartes is that the only aspect of reality that is perceived clearly in a clear and distinct is the thought that arises doubt: the existence of incontrovertible idea that there is the doubt lets say cogito ergo sum (I think therefore I am), because if there is thought to exist even though the entity that expresses the thinking of the doubt. The existence of thought (cogito) then is a small quantity of knowledge that resists any further questions, including hyperbolic. The Cartesian cogito suggests the possibility that things are not necessarily exist objectively and independently by the thought, but that everything in existence is something which in itself is still thought (and therefore expressed by the subject) and that reality is not external to thought is a matter to be taken immediately as certain and incontrovertible: also the person who raises the doubt knows that he is so certain and incontrovertible a thinking subject, but the very reality of her body can not be stated with absolute certainty only by deducing cogito. "In realistic perspective, the entities of nature and, once produced, also includes articles of man, there are also without thought: these are things extrasoggettive. Modern philosophy instead shows that not only our states inert psychic, but also external objects, land, trees, sky, stars and all entities of nature are conceived. " (The modern philosophy, E. Severino).