religious movement, but with strong political overtones, contrary to the worship of images of deities spread in the Byzantine Empire in the eighth and ninth centuries. The term derives from a Greek word that consists of the noun eikon, 'image', and the verb kláein, 'break'. In 726; 730 Emperor Leo III the Isaurico , partly to avoid accusations of idolatry brought by the Muslims, issued a decree forbidding the veneration of sacred images. This decision was condemned by the pope, but the emperor imposed vigorously iconoclastic doctrine to Constantinople, and even his son and successor Constantine V, who had condemned the worship of images as idolatry the synod held in the palace of Hier, on the outskirts of Constantinople in 754. With the ascent to the throne of Empress Irene brought a political upheaval, with the Council of Nicaea II (787), in order to turn the iconoclasts. A recovery of the spread of iconoclasm in the first half of the ninth century was finally suppressed the movement in the final condemnation of the council held in 843 under the patronage of the Empress Theodora II. The strongest argument against iconoclasm, formulated by the Syrian church father John of Damascus , is that it denies a fundamental principle of Christian faith, the doctrine of ' incarnation. According to the defenders of images, the human birth of Christ had made possible the performances, which to some extent share the divinity of their prototype, and the refusal of this image results automatically, then the rejection of their model. In addition to the theological aspects, the movement iconoclast had important influences on ' Byzantine art, and it was a pretext to foment civil strife to the Byzantine Empire and exacerbate the reasons for disagreement with the papacy .
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