doctrine or set of doctrines to be secret. The origin of the word is the adjective greek esoterikos esoteric (inner), used reserved to indicate lessons to a limited circle of disciples, as opposed to exoteric-exoterikos-(external), which referred to lessons aimed at all. The esoteric doctrines are configured within cultural phenomena such as magic, alchemy, the mystery religions and Gnosticism, Kabbalah . In the presence of these forms of culture of secrecy can be understood in two ways: the presence of a secret that is in the workings of the universe and that is inaccessible for the same started (which have started to worship in secret as such, not its penetration), or as the presence of a secret that takes place in mutual pact of silence of the initiated to the uninitiated. These two different ways correspond to the prevalence of historical instances of mystical (secret that even for the initiated), or instances of magic (secret that the initiates know, or at least exploit them, but they are silent to outsiders). It is used as a synonym for the word esoteric occult. It is more accurate, however, recognize only a particular form of occultism esoteric, because it, first, set up the secret as knowable with appropriate techniques, and the other does not always imply the obligation of confidentiality to the uninitiated. Elements are characterized esoterism the most varied levels of civilization. In the so-called primitive cultures belong to this sector of the initiation rituals, usually secret, and that in most cases draw a distinction in status between the initiates first, second and uninitiated, for example .. only men, whose fruit is sanctioned by the ceremony itself, may participate in certain rituals and fully understand the tradition and all the sacred heritage of the tribe. In most religions that are not as well in and of itself is esoteric integrated some form more or less marginal or heretical esoteric. This is the case of esoteric currents developed in the Far East side of Brahmanism and Buddhism (Tantrism, Zen Buddhism, etc.) or in the Near East side of Islam (Sufism ). There are many meanings Esoteric Christianity: those alleged imprint of the period of Gnostic origins in medieval times, perhaps influenced by Manichaeism with those of so-called renaissance of Christian kabbalah (linked to the Jewish tradition), to those periods of "awakening" in religious seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the esoteric French and Bavarian Catholicism century. Etc. XIX. Other forms of esotericism are relatively independent from the established religions and quasi religions are in their own right: the esoteric neo-pagan Renaissance, related to the recovery of Neoplatonism; XVIII-XIX centuries in the Martinez and the Martin, within certain limits, the same masonry and in sec. XX, theosophy and anthroposophy (Rudolph Steiner). It is common, especially in these kinds of esoteric religions are almost autonomous, special attention to the symbolic systems of ancient cultures, where it is assumed to recognize the wisdom of a lost heritage encrypted. For this reason, esoteric eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have made contributions at times very perishable, sometimes lasting influence, and (despite the vagaries) of undoubted acuteness, the science of mythology. Researchers, scholars, and often in first person, esotericism have also analyzed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, literary and artistic documents, recognizing it, so sometimes reliable, esoteric languages, spoke in the language of the esoteric and stilnovisti Dante's alchemical symbols identified in the architecture and sculptures of the medieval cathedrals, and to investigate the values \u200b\u200bof esoteric texts Avicenna, the medieval texts relating to the Grail legend. There were, after all. writers of the XIX-XX centuries they had a special taste for the esoteric or even be felt first of all esoteric.
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